根据驾驶员视觉特性和弯道感知调查结果,阐述了透视曲率半径的估计和计算方法,并验证了透视图分析方法,阐明了错觉产生机理,最后对上三高速公路交通事故进行了调查分析。结果表明:驾驶员是根据弯道内侧边线的开敞程度来判断和估计弯道曲率的;平凹组合路段和平凸组合路段的事故伤亡程度分别显著高于和低于全路段;平凹组合路段的死亡率、受伤率和伤亡率是平凸组合路段的2倍左右;超速行驶是平凹组合路段事故多发的主要原因之一;全路段及2种线形组合路段的事故形态没有明显差异;平竖重合路段的弯道错觉及交通事故的异常性应引起高度重视。
Abstract
According to drivers' visual characteristics and curve perception investigation, estimating and calculating methods of perspective curvature radius were illustrated and perspective view analysis method was validated. The mechanisms and reasons of the curve illusion were clarified. The traffic accident of Shangsan Expressway was investigated. Results show that using openness magnitudes of the perspective views of the inside edge lines, the driver can judge highway curvatures visually. The casualty rate of the combination of the horizontal curve and sag vertical curve (sag combination for short) is significantly greater than that of the whole route, and the casualty rate of the combination of the horizontal curve and crest vertical curve (crest combination for short) is significantly less than that of the whole route; the fatality rate, injury rate and casualty rate of the sag combination are about two times of that of the crest combination; the speeding is one of the main causes of the traffic accidents of the sag combination; the traffic accident types of the whole route and the two combinations are not significantly different from each other. The curve illusion and traffic accident abnormality resulted from the combination of the horizontal and vertical curves should be paid more attentions.
关键词
道路工程 /
弯道错觉 /
透视图分析方法 /
交通事故 /
平曲线 /
竖曲线
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Key words
road engineering /
curve illusion /
perspective view analysis method /
traffic accident /
horizontal curve /
vertical curve
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中图分类号：
U412.33
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(50478082)
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