为实现全断面的路面平整度检测及平整度缺陷位置的精确定位，详细综述了当前路面平整度检测的传统方法及未来发展方向，并在此基础上提出了一种基于路面高程自动测量的全断面平整度计算方法。利用自动跟踪全站仪、激光测距传感器、倾角仪等装置测量路面高程，根据测得的路面点三维坐标信息，采用Kriging插值法对离散测量点高程进行全断面插值，从而生成路面高程云图，由此获取道路任意纵断面的高程值，进而计算任意纵断面的国际平整度指数（IRI）值，并根据计算结果判断检测路段中所有路面纵断面的IRI值是否符合该级别公路路面平整度要求，对于不合格纵断面，利用其纵断面高程值剖切线，查找其高程值突变位置，进而确定路面平整度缺陷位置。研究结果表明：该方法测得的路面点三维坐标信息平面位置定位相较传统GPS和编码器定位精度更高，其平面定位精度可以达到毫米级；该方法具有良好的适用性，所计算的IRI值精度较高，相对误差小于5%；对于不符合规范要求的路段，其可为路面修整提供明确的位置指示，能够实现路面全断面高精度平整度检测及平整度缺陷位置的精确定位，有利于正确评估道路质量评价及后期养护管理。
Abstract
To achieve the pavement roughness detection for the entire road surface and precise positioning of unqualified area, current traditional methods and the future development of pavement roughness detection were reviewed in details, and a method was presented for calculating the pavement roughness of the entire road surface based on automatic road elevation measuring, which integrated robotic total station, laser ranging sensor, inclinometer and other devices to measure road pavement elevation. According to the measured 3D coordinate information of the elevation, the road pavement elevation nephogram was created by employing the Kriging interpolation which can interpolate with elevation of discrete points on entire road surface. According to the nephogram, the elevation along any longitudinal road profiles was obtained to calculate the corresponding international roughness index (IRI). Based on the results, whether the IRI along the road in the test section was in compliance with the requirements of the pavement roughness was judged, and the defect location can be determined by figuring out the elevation value mutation using longitudinal section splits of unqualified profile. The results show that compared with the traditional GPS and the encoder, the proposed method has high accuracy in terms of plane positioning with 3D coordinate information of elevation, and the accuracy can reach millimeter level. The proposed method is of higher adaptability and accuracy in calculating IRI with the relative error less than 5%; for roads that do not meet the requirements of the specification, it provides a clear indication of the location for the pavement repair, which can achieve the high accurate pavement roughness detection for the entire road surface and precise position of unqualified areas, so as to provide effective assessments for the road quality and maintenance management in late stage.
关键词
道路工程 /
路面平整度 /
高程自动测量 /
国际平整度指数
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Key words
road engineering /
pavement roughness /
automatic elevation measurement /
IRI
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中图分类号：
U418.6
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参考文献
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脚注
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基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划（“九七三”计划）项目（2013CB035902）；国家自然科学基金项目（51479132）；天津市科技支撑计划重点项目（BZCZDSF01800）
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