为了研究工程车辆油气分离式弹簧系统的频率特性，在分析油气分离式油气弹簧结构和工作原理的基础上，建立了油气分离式油气弹簧的阻尼和刚度模型，结合螺旋弹簧的刚度模型，获得了油气分离式弹簧系统的垂向非线性数学模型。采用傅里叶级数展开、泰勒展开、等效能量法和L-P法相结合的方法获得了油气分离式弹簧系统的等效阻尼系数、等效刚度及强迫振动的稳态解；同时进行了油气分离式弹簧系统性能试验，分析了油气分离式弹簧系统固有频率和幅频响应的影响因素。结果表明：油气分离式弹簧系统固有频率随氮气储能器初始压力的增大呈非线性减小的趋势，随螺旋弹簧圈数和螺旋弹簧旋绕比的增大呈弱非线性减小的趋势，随活塞杆及组件质量和螺旋弹簧压缩量的增大呈非线性增大的趋势；频率比小于0.75时对油气分离式弹簧系统位移的幅频特性影响较小，频率比在0.75~√2之间时容易引起油气分离式弹簧系统共振，频率比大于√2时有利于油气分离式弹簧系统实现减振；试验结果与理论分析结果较为吻合，说明了该模型建立和求解的合理性。
Abstract
To investigate the frequency characteristics of engineering vehicle with oleo-pneumatic separate spring system, the damping model and rigidity model of the spring were set up based on the analysis of its working principle and structure. The vertical nonlinear mathematical model of the system was then obtained according to the stiffness model of the helical spring. The equivalent damping coefficient, the equivalent rigidity and the solution to the steady forced vibration of the oleo-pneumatic separate spring system were obtained by the combination of the Fourier series expansion, Taylor expansion, equivalent energy method and L-P method. Meanwhile, the performance test of the oleo-pneumatic separate spring system was carried out to analyze the influence factors of the natural frequency and amplitude frequency response of the spring system. The results show that the natural frequency of hydro-pneumatic spring system is decreased in nonlinear relationship with the increase of the initial pressure of nitrogen energy accumulator, or with the increase of number of the helix spring coils and the helix spring turns ratio, and it is increased with the increase of piston rod and assembly quality and the helical spring compression. Additionally, the frequency ratio less than 0.75 has little influence on the amplitude frequency response of the displacement of oleo-pneumatic separate spring system, the frequency ratio between 0.75 and √2 easily triggers the vibration of the spring system, and frequency ratio greater than √2 is advantageous to the vibration isolation of the spring system. The experimental results agree well tith the results of theoretical analysis, which indicates the rationality of the establishment and solution of the model.
关键词
汽车工程 /
油气弹簧 /
L-P法 /
非线性数学模型 /
固有频率 /
油气分离
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Key words
automotive engineering /
hydro-pneumatic spring /
L-P method /
nonlinear mathematical model /
natural frequency /
oleo-pneumatic separate
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中图分类号：
U463.33
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（51375230）；江苏省六大人才高峰D类项目（XNYQC-005）
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