目前非一致激励下长隧道的抗震研究仅限于理论解析或数值分析，缺乏有效的试验或现场数据验证，而试验技术难点在于如何利用多个离散振动台面来近似模拟实际的连续多点非一致地震激励作用。针对此问题，基于大型线阵协同工作的4个独立振动台，研发了一种用于模拟长隧道多点振动台试验的节段式模型箱，不仅用于承载模型土和模型隧道，而且可以实现离散多点振动台输入到连续非一致输入的等效转换。节段式模型箱研发的挑战在于模型箱尺寸和连接接头的设计，优化目标是使随动箱的加速度响应峰值和主频与主动箱一致，而各箱体之间有合理的时间延迟来反映沿模型箱纵向的行波效应。通过多工况的解析解和数值分析，最终确定了该节段式模型的最优化尺寸为40 m×4.5 m×1.2 m （长×宽×高）以及各箱体间的连接方式（弹性铰接）。最后通过开展一系列的多点振动台空箱试验，研究了节段式模型箱沿纵向传播的非一致地震激励效应。试验结果表明：该节段式模型箱可以有效实现从4个独立振动台面输入到连续多点非一致地震激励的等效转换，真实再现地震动的空间变化特性，从而验证了该模型箱用于长隧道多点振动台试验的可行性。研究成果可为长隧道多点振动台试验模拟提供参考依据。
Abstract
Aimed at the problems that the seismic analysis of long tunnels subjected to non-uniform seismic loadings is limited to analytical derivation or numerical analysis, lacking effective experimental or field data, the critical issue for multi-point shaking table test is how to accomplish a practical continuous and non-uniform excitation over a long tunnel by a number of discrete shaking tables. A segmental model container for multi-point shaking table test to simulate long tunnels was developed, using four independent shaking tables worked in coordination as a large linear shake table array. The segmental model container was developed not only to hold the model soil and the model tunnel but also to realize the equivalent transformation from discrete multi-point shaking of the tables into continuous non-uniform seismic excitations. The challenge to develop the container was the design of the dimension of model container and the connection between each of its components. The optimization objective was to make the peak acceleration response and the dominant frequency of an inactive box coincided with those of the active box, and to leave a reasonable time lag between adjacent boxes to reflect the wave passage effect along the vertical direction of the model container. Based on analytical solution and numerical analysis for multiple loading conditions, the optimization design of dimension (40 m length×4.5 m width×1.2 m height) of the segmental model as well as the connection method (elastic hinge) between each of its components was finally obtained. A series of multi-point shaking table tests for the segmental model container were conducted to investigate the non-uniform seismic excitation effect along the longitudinal direction. The results show that the developed model container can be used to effectively realize the equivalent transformation from the four independent shaking tables into continuous multi-point non-uniform seismic excitations, which fully reproduces the spatially varying seismic motion and therefore the validity of the designed model container is verified to be used in multi-point shaking table test of long tunnels. This research results provide a reference for the multi-point shaking table tests of long tunnels.
关键词
隧道工程 /
节段式模型箱 /
振动台试验 /
非一致激励 /
地震响应
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Key words
tunnel engineering /
segmental model container /
shaking table test /
non-uniform excitation /
seismic response
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中图分类号：
U459.5
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参考文献
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（51678438，51478343）；“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAG07B01）；上海市科学技术委员会重点支撑项目（16DZ1200302，16DZ1201904）；上海市教育发展基金会晨光计划项目（13CG17）；上海市青年科技启明星计划项目
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