为了解决公路隧道光环境中普遍存在的照明节能与交通安全的矛盾，在分析公路隧道光环境问题和总结现有公路隧道光环境改善方法的基础上，采用简单排序法从经济性、耐久性、易施工性方面对视线诱导、防护设施、防滑设施、遮光设施、加强照明5种公路隧道环境改善方法进行比较，根据事故致因分析公路隧道驾驶人安全需求。结果表明：视线诱导系统是公路隧道光环境优化的首选方法，其能重构公路隧道视觉参照系；在隧道路段，视线诱导系统能有效调控驾驶人视错觉，满足驾驶人安全感需求，减少不良驾驶行为及交通事故；驾驶人安全感可划分为速度感、距离感、方向感及位置感，利用逆反射视线诱导设施构建的多频、多尺寸、多形状、多色彩的公路隧道安全型视觉参照系可强化隧道内局部亮度及对比度，提升驾驶人的速度感、距离感、方向感、位置感；基于安全感的公路隧道视线诱导系统适用于低照度公路隧道，对于未设置照明设施的低等级公路隧道可取代照明，对于设置了照明设施的高等级公路则可辅助照明，能实现公路隧道照明节能与交通安全的统一。
Abstract
To solve the contradiction between energy saving and traffic safety with regard to the lighting environment of a highway tunnel, the problems and existing improvement methods of such an environment are analyzed, based upon which, a simple sorting method is adopted to compare the sight guidance, protection, anti-skid, shading, and lighting facilities in terms of economy, durability, and construction difficulty. Moreover, the safety demands of highway tunnel drivers are analyzed according to accident causes. The results show that a visual guidance facility that can reconstruct the visual reference system of a highway tunnel is the first choice for optimization of the lighting environment. In a tunnel section, such a guidance system can effectively control the driver's visual capabilities, meet the driver's safety demands, and reduce poor driving behaviors and traffic accidents. Safety demands a sense of speed, distance, direction, and location. Retro-reflective visual guidance facilities are used to construct a safety visual reference system consisting of multi-frequency, multi-dimension, multi-shape, multi-color information, which can strengthen the local brightness and contrast in a tunnel and improve the driver's sense of speed, distance, direction, and position. A sight guidance system based on safety is suitable for a highway tunnel with low illumination. For low-grade highway tunnels without lighting, a guidance system can replace the lighting facilities. For high-grade highway tunnels with lighting, a guidance system can assist with the lighting facilities. Such a system can help realize a unification of energy saving and traffic safety in a tunnel environment.
关键词
交通工程 /
公路隧道光环境 /
视线诱导 /
视觉参照系 /
视错觉
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Key words
traffic engineering /
tunnel light environment /
visual guidance /
visual reference system /
visual illusion
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（51578433）；贵州省交通运输厅科技项目（2017-123-031）
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