为准确识别道路土基病害以避免路面塌陷事故的发生，采用探地雷达对城市道路进行检测。针对城市非硬化道路和硬化道路土基病害出现的一般规律，首先通过维纳滤波器对探地雷达图像进行一维滤波，在滤波过程中，对增益函数进行倒谱域内的平滑处理，进而得到增强的雷达图像；然后，采用傅里叶变换、小波变换等信号处理方法，得到探地雷达图像在不同变换域的结果，并通过构建傅里叶核函数、多项式核函数、克罗内克核函数等不同的核函数字典，对探地雷达图像在不同变换域的结果进行匹配追踪，比较在不同核函数下的核匹配追踪序列；最后，通过比较不同核匹配追踪序列的差异，分别找出对道路土基水害和空洞病害类型敏感的核匹配追踪序列，通过该序列识别城市道路土基病害的类型。利用基于相关系数的病害度量算法比较核匹配追踪序列，判断城市道路土基病害发生的区域，并通过算法识别非硬化道路与硬化道路的地下病害。结果表明：病害类型及范围与实际情况相符，水害和空洞均能得到有效识别；通过5组城市道路探地雷达探测数据集验证了算法的有效性，识别准确率达到了99%以上；利用核匹配追踪算法处理探地雷达图像有助于城市道路土基病害识别，可减少路面塌陷事故的发生。
Abstract
In order to accurately recognize the road soil subgrade disease to avoid the occurrence of collapse on the road, ground penetrating radar (GPR) was always used to detect the urban road. In allusion to universal law of road soil subgrade disease on the non-hardened and hardened road, firstly, one-dimensional filtering of GPR images was carried out by Wiener filter and GPR images were obtained by smoothing the gain function in cepstrum domain. Secondly, the results of the GPR images in different transform domains were obtained by Fourier transform, wavelet transform and so on. Based on kernel function dictionaries including Fourier kernel function, polynomial kernel function, matching pursuit of GPR images in different transform domains was carried out. Finally, according to the comparison of different kernel matching pursuit (KMP) sequences, the sensitive sequences of the road soil subgrade water disease and empty hole were found out and the type of urban road soil subgrade damage would be recognized. The KMP sequences were compared based on correlation coefficient algorithm and the area where urban road base damage occurred was found. The results show that the type and range of disease are consistent with the actual situation, and water disease and empty hole can be recognized efficiently. The validity of algorithm is verified by GPR data sets of urban road with the accuracy of identification reaching more than 99%. The KMP algorithm, a method of handling the GPR images, will contribute to the city road soil subgrade damage recognition to avoid the occurrence of road collapse.
关键词
道路工程 /
土基病害 /
核匹配追踪 /
探地雷达
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Key words
road engineering /
soil subgrade damage /
KMP /
ground penetrating radar
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中图分类号：
U412.22
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（41504112）；北京市自然科学基金项目（8162035）； 国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项项目（2012YQ030126）；北京市交通行业科技项目（TC1405AK9）
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